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Applying Human Factors Principles Additional Questions |
Weather
7-1 (Refer to figure 12.) Which of the reporting stations / have VFR weather? A - All. B - KINK, KBOI, and KJFK. C - KINK, KBOI, and KLAX. 7-1. Answer C. GFDPPM 7-13, 15 (AWS) To answer this question you must know that the definition of VFR is a visibility of at least 3 statute miles and ceiling of at least 1,000 feet. KINK has 15 miles visibility with clear skies, KBOI has 30 miles visibility with a scattered layer at 15,000 feet, and KLAX has 6 miles visibility, with scattered layers at 700 feet and 25,000 feet. Remember, a scattered layer does not consititute a ceiling. Answers (A) and (B) are wrong because neither KMOW or KJFK are VFR. KOMW has 1-1/2 miles visibility with a 700 feet overcast, and KJFK has 1/2 mile in fog, and 500 feet overcast.
7-2 For aviation purposes, ceiling is defined as the height above the Earth's surface of the A -lowest reported obscuration and the highest layer of clouds reported as overcast. B -lowest broken or overcast layer or vertical visibility into an obscuration. C - lowest layer of clouds reported as scattered, broken, or thin. 7-2. Answer B. GFDPPM 7-15 (AWS) According to Aviation Weather Services, AC 00-450, a ceiling is defined as the lowest broken or overcast layer, or vertical visibility into an obscuration. The highest layer of clouds reported as overcast (answer A), and scattered or thin clouds (answer C) do not fit the criteria.
7-3 (Refer to figure 12.) The wind direction and velocity at KJFK is from A - 1800 true at 4 knots. B - 1800 magnetic at 4 knots. C - 0400 true at 18 knots. 7-3. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-11, 12 (AWS) The wind at KJFK is shown as 18004KT. This means the wind is from 180 degrees at 04 knots. Winds on an aviation routine weather report are referenced to true north. Answer (B) is wrong because the winds are reported as true, not magnetic. Answer (C) is wrong because the direction (180°) is listed first, and velocity (4 knots) follows.
7-4 (Refer to figure 12.) What are the wind conditions at Wink, Texas (KINK)? A-Calm. B - 1100 at 12 knots, gusts 18 knots. C - 1110 at 2 knots, gusts 18 knots. 7-4. Answer B. GFDPPM 7-11, 12 (AWS) The winds at KINK are shown as 11 012G18KT. The direction is 110 degrees, and the velocity is 12 knots, with peak gusts of 18 knots. Answer (A) is wrong because calm winds are shown as OOOOOKT. Answer (C) is wrong because the first three digits, rounded to the nearest 10 degrees, represent the direction. The velocity, which follows is shown in two digits (three digits when it is greater than 99 knots).
7-5 (Refer to figure 12 on page 7-3.) The remarks section for KMDW has RAB351isted. This entry means A - blowing mist has reduced the visibility to 1-1/2 SM. B - rain began at 1835Z. C - the barometer has risen .35 inches Hg. 7-5. Answer B. GFDPPM 7-16 (AWS) The remarks section of a METAR is used to report weather considered significant to aircraft operations. According to AC 00-450, the contraction "RMK" precedes remarks. Included are the beginning and ending times of certain weather phenomena. In this case, "RA" is the abbreviation for rain and "B35" indicates the rain began at thirty-five minutes past the hour, or 1835Z. Therefore, answer (B) is correct. Answer (A) is wrong because blowing, ”BL” is not a descriptor that can be used to modify mist, "BR:' Answer (C) is wrong because a rising barometer is not indicated.
7-6 (Refer to figure 12 on page 7-3.) What are the current conditions depicted for Chicago Midway Airport (KMDW)? A - Sky 700 feet overcast, visibility 1-1/2SM, rain. B - Sky 7000 feet overcast, visibility 1-II2SM, heavy ram. C - Sky 700 feet overcast, visibility 11, occasionally 2SM, with rain. 7-6. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-13, 14, 16 (AWS) Cloud heights or the vertical visibility into an obscuration are reported with three digits in hundreds of feet. Visibility is reported in statute miles and is indicated by the abbreviation "SM." In this case, the METAR from KMDW indicates Midway has visibility of 1-1/2 miles and the sky is overcast at 700 feet. The "RA" indicates precipitation in the form of rain. Answer (B) is wrong because heavy rain is not indicated and the overcast is not at 7,000 feet. Answer (C) is wrong because the visibility is 1-112 statute miles, not 11, occasionally 2.
7-7 (Refer to figure 14.) The base and tops of the overcast layer reported by a pilot are A -1,800 feet MSL and 5,500 feet MSL. B - 5,500 feet AGL and 7,200 feet MSL. C -7,200 feet MSL and 8,900 feet MSL. 7-7. Answer C. GFDPPM 7-17 (AWS) In the PIREP, which is identified by the letters, UA, sky cover is designated by the letters, SK, followed by the base and top of each cloud layer. The overcast layer is shown as OVC 072-TOP 089, which means the base is 7,200 feet and the tops are 8,900 feet. Altitudes are MSL unless otherwise noted. Answer (A) is wrong because it describes the broken (not overcast) layer. Answer (B) is wrong because it describes the type of turbulence, moderate (MDT), and altitudes at which it was encountered.
7-8 (Refer to figure 14.) The wind and temperature at 12,000 feet MSL as reported by a pilot are A - 080° at 21 knots and -7°C. B - 090° at 21 MPH and -9°F. C - 090° at 21 knots and -9°C. 7-8. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-17 (AWS) The ambient temperature and wind velocity appear in the part of the pilot report that says "ITA M7/WV 08021/". All temperatures aloft are given in degrees Celsius, and the "M" indicates temperatures below zero.Wind speed is reported in knots.
7-9 (Refer to figure 14.) If the terrain elevation is 1,295 feet MSL, what is the height above ground level of the base of the ceiling? A - 505 feet AGL. B -1,295 feet AGL. C - 6,586 feet AGL. 7-9. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-17 (AWS) The ceiling is the lowest cloud layer reported as broken, overcast, or obscured. In this case, the lowest layer is 1,800 feet broken (MSL). Subtract the ground elevation to find the AGL height (1,800 - 1,295 = 505 feet AGL). Answer (B) is wrong because this is the terrain elevation in feet MSL, not the base of the clouds. Answer (C) is obviously incorrect. According to the PIREP in Figure 14, the broken ceiling is only 1,800 feet MSL, well below the answer choice figure of 6,586 feet AGL.
7-10 (Refer to figure 14.) The intensity of the turbulence reported at a specific altitude is A - moderate from 5,500 feet to 7,200 feet. B - moderate at 5,500 feet and at 7,200 feet. C -light from 5,500 feet to 7,200 feet. 7-10. Answer C. GFDPPM 7-17 (AWS» Turbulence is reported as "ITB LGT 055-072/". This means the turbulence is light between 5,500 and 7,200 feet MSL.
7-11 (Refer to figure 14.) The intensity and type of icing reported by a pilot is A -light to moderate rime. B - light to moderate. C - light to moderate clear. 7-11. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-17 (AWS» Icing intensity and type is shown in this pilot report (PIREP) as "/IC LGT-MDT RIME/” or light to moderate rime.
7-12 From which primary source should information be obtained regarding expected weather at the estimated time of arrival if your destination has no Terminal Forecast? A - Low-Level Prognostic Chart. B - Weather Depiction Chart. C - Area Forecast. 7-12. Answer C. GFDPPM 7-20 (AWS) The area forecast (FA) is useful to help determine expected weather at airports which do not have terminal forecasts. The low-level prognostic chart (answer A) is more useful for flight planning several hours before a flight; however, it generally does not provide enough detail for an accurate estimate of destination weather. The weather depiction chart (answer B) shows general weather conditions and is also useful for flight planning purposes, but it does not show forecast conditions.
7-13 (Refer to figure 15 on page 7-6.) What is the valid period for the TAF for KMEM? A - 1200Z to 1200Z. B -1200Z to 1800Z. C - 1800Z to 1800Z. 7-13. Answer C. GFDPPM 7-18, 19 (AWS) TAFs are usually valid for a twenty-four hour period and are scheduled four times a day (OOOOZ, 0600Z, 1200Z, and 1800Z). The six-digit issuance date/time group is followed by the valid date/time group. Therefore, "121720Z 121818" indicates the KMEM TAF was issued on the 12th at 1720 Zulu. This report is valid from 1800 Zulu on the 12th until 1800 Zulu on the 13th. Answer (A) lists an incorrect 24-hour valid period and answer (B) contains a valid period of less than 24 hours.
7-14 (Refer to figure 15.) In the TAF for KMEM, what does "SHRA" stand for? A - Rain showers. B - A shift in wind direction is expected. C - A significant change in precipitation is possible. 7-14. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-13, 14, 18 (AWS) This group of the TAF, "PROB40 2202 3SM SHRA," indicates there is a forty percent probability, between 2200 Zulu and 0200 Zulu, the visibility will be 3 statute miles with showery precipitation or rain showers. The next entry, "FM0200 35012KT OVC008" indicates, from 0200 Zulu, the wind is expected to be from 3500 at 12 knots, but this is not abbreviated by the code "SHRA." Therefore, answer (B) is wrong. A significant change in precipitation most likely would be included in the becoming (BECMG) group. In any event, answer (C) is wrong since it is not abbreviated by the code "SHRA."
7-15 (Refer to figure 15.) Between 1000Z and 1200Z the visibility at KMEM is forecast to be A - 1/2 statute mile. B - 3 statute miles. C - 6 statute miles. 7-15. Answer B. GFDPPM 7-19 (AWS) During a specified time period when changes in the weather conditions are forecast, a change group is appended to the forecast. In this case, "BECMG 1012" indicates a change in the weather will occur between 1000Z and 1200Z. The "3SM" indicates the visibility should become 3 statute miles. Answer (A) is wrong because 1 /2 mile visibility is forecast between 1200 and 1400 Zulu. Answer (C) is wrong because P6SM, which actually means greater than six statute miles, is forecast after 1600Z.
7-16 (Refer to figure 15 on page 7-6.) What is the forecast wind for KMEM from 1600Z until the end of the forecast? A - Variable in direction at 6 knots. B - No significant wind. C - Variable in direction at 4 knots. 7-16. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-19 (AWS) This part of the forecast reads, "FM1600 VRB06KT P6SM SKC= ". From 1600Z until the end of forecast the wind is variable in direction at 6 knots, with visibility greater than 6 miles.
7-17 (Refer to figure 15 on page 7-6.) In the TAF from KOKC, the "FM (FROM) Group" is forecast for the hours from l600Z to 2200Z with the wind from A - 1800 at 10 knots, becoming 2000 at 13 knots. B - 1600 at 10 knots. C - 1800 at 10 knots. 7-17. Answer C. GFDPPM 7-19 (AWS) Rapid changes in the forecast are indicated by the code "FM" followed by the time the change should occur. 18010KT indicates wind from 180 degrees at 10 knots. "BECMG 2224" means that the next change will be happening gradually from 2200 to 2400Z.
7-18 (Refer to figure 15 on page 7-6.) In the TAP from KOKC the clear sky becomes A - overcast at 2,000 feet during the forecast period between 2200Z and 2400Z. B - overcast at 200 feet with a 40% probability of becoming overcast at 600 feet during the forecast , period between 2200Z and 2400Z. C - overcast at 200 feet with the probability of becoming overcast at 400 feet during the forecast period between 2200Z and 2400Z. 7-18. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-19 (AWS) When a gradual change in the forecast weather is expected, the becoming (BECMG) change group is used, followed by the beginning and ending times. The TAF from KOKC, "BECMG 2224 20013G20KT 4SM SHRA OVC020" means between 2200Z and 2400Z the weather will gradually change to winds from 200° at 13 knots gusting to 20 knots, 4 miles visibility in rain showers, and overcast skies at 2,000 feet. Answers (B) and (C) are wrong because the overcast is expected to become 2,000 feet not 200 feet.
7-19 (Refer to figure 15 on page 7-6.) During the time period from 0600Z to 0800Z, what visibility is forecast for KOKC? A - Greater than 6 statute miles. B - Not forecasted. C - Possibly 6 statute miles. 7-19. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-19 (AWS) This section reads, "BECMG 0608 21015KT P6SM SCT040= ". This means that between 0600-0800Z, the wind will become 210° at 15 knots, visibility is forecast to be greater than (not possibly) 6 statute miles, and clouds will become scattered at 4,000 feet.
7-20 (Refer to figure 15 on page 7-6.) The only cloud type forecast in TAF reports is A - Nimbostratus. B - Cumulonimbus. C - Scattered cumulus. 7-20. Answer B. GFDPPM 7-20 (AWS) According to AC 00-45E, cumulonimbus clouds are the only cloud type included in TAFs. If cumulonimbus clouds are expected at the airport, the contraction "CB" is appended to the height of the cloud layer to indicate the base of the cumulonimbus cloud.
7-21 To best determine general forecast weather conditions over several states, the pilot should refer to A - Satellite Maps. B - Aviation Area Forecasts. C - Weather Depiction Charts. 7-21. Answer B. GFDPPM 7-20 (AWS) An Aviation Area Forecast (FA) covers the expected general weather conditions over several states. The FA also provides information on general weather conditions at airports that are not covered by other weather reports of forecasts.
7-22 (Refer to figure 16 on page 7-9.) What is the outlook for the southern half of Indiana after 07002? A-VFR B - Scattered clouds at 3,000 feet AGL. C - Scattered clouds at 10,000 feet. 7-22. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-21, 22 (AWS) The last section is the VFR Clouds and Weather Section of the Chicago FA that includes southern Indiana. The outlook period is on the 25th of the month from 0800 to 1400, and for southern Indiana (at the very bottom) the outlook is for VFR. The definition of VFR is no ceiling, or a ceiling greater than 3,000 feet and visibility greater than 5 miles.
7-23 To determine the freezing level and areas of probable icing aloft, the pilot should refer to the A - Inflight Aviation Weather Advisories. B - Area Forecast. C - Weather Depiction Chart. 7-23. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-22 (AWS) Freezing level and icing aloft are contained in inflight weather advisories which include SIGMETs, convective SIGMETs, AIRMETs, alert service weather watch bulletins (AWWs), center weather advisories (CWAs), and urgent PIREPs. These advisories are broadcast via Enroute Flight Advisory Service (EFAS) and Hazardous In-flight Weather Advisory Service (HIWAS).
7-24 The section of the Area Forecast entitled "VFR CLDS/ WX" contains a general description of A - forecast sky cover, cloud tops, visibility, and obstructions to vision along specific routes. B - cloudiness and weather significant to flight operations broken down by states or other geographical areas. C - clouds and weather which cover an area greater than 3,000 square miles and is significant to VFR flight operations. 7-24. Answer C. GFDPPM 7-22 (AWS) "VFR Clouds and Weather" includes visibility and cloud cover by state or other well-known geographic areas. Specific forecast sections give a general description of clouds and weather which cover an area greater than 3,000 square miles and that are significant to VFR flight operations. Answer (A) is incorrect because each section of an Area Forecast covers specific areas, not routes. Answer (B) is incorrect because it does not specify "VFR" flight operations.
7-25 (Refer to figure 16 on page 7-9.) What sky condition and visibility are forecast for upper Michigan in the eastern portions after 23002? A - Ceiling 100 feet overcast and 3 to 5 statute miles visibility. B - Ceiling 1,000 feet overcast and 3 to 5 nautical miles visibility. C - Ceiling 1,000 feet overcast and 3 to 5 statute miles visibility. 7-25. Answer C. GFDPPM 7-22 (AWS) In VFR clouds and weather section in the UPR MI LS (upper Michigan, Lake Superior) and ERN PTNS (eastern portions) the ceiling and visibility, after 23Z, are listed as CLG OVC 010 VIS 3-5 SM (Ceiling 1,000 overcast, 3-5 statute miles visibility).
7-26 (Refer to figure 16 on page 7-9.) The Chicago FA forecast section is valid until the twenty-fifth at A-1945Z. B -0800Z. C - 1400Z. 7-26. Answer B. GFDPPM 7-21 (AWS) In the first line, "CHI" indicates the area for which the FA is valid. The "c" following CHI indicates VFR clouds and weather while the FA indicates what type of forecast message it is. The "241945" indicates the date and time the FA was issued. The next line "SYNOPSIS AND VFR CLDS/WX" states what information is contained in this forecast message. "CLDS/WX VALID UNTIL 250800" means that the forecast section of the FA is valid until the 25th at 0800Z, while the outlook portion is valid from the 25th at 0800Z until the 25th at 1400Z. ND SD NE KS MN IA MO WI LM LS MI LH IL IN KY describes the area for which this FA forecast is valid.
7-27 (Refer to figure 16 on page 7-9.) What sky condition and type obstructions to vision are forecast for upper Michigan in the western portions from 0200Z until 0500Z? A - Ceiling becoming 1,000 feet overcast with visibility 3 to 5 statute miles in mist. B - Ceiling becoming 100 feet overcast with visibility 3 to 5 statue miles in mist. C - Ceiling becoming 1,000 feet overcast with visibility 3 to 5 nautical miles in mist. 7-27. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-21,22 (AWS) Upper Michigan and Lake Superior, western portion is abbreviated UPR MI LS, WRN PTNS. From 02-05Z, the ceiling is becoming 1,000 overcast (OVC 010) and visibility 3-5 statute miles (3-5 SM) with mist (BR).
7-28 What is indicated when a current CONVECTIVE SIGMET forecasts thunderstorms? A - Moderate thunderstorms covering 30 percent of the area. B - Moderate or severe turbulence. C - Thunderstorms obscured by massive cloud layers. 7-28. Answer C. GFDPPM 7-27 (AIM) None of these answers is entirely correct, but by process of elimination, answer (C) is the best choice. One of the criteria for issuing a Convective SIGMET is embedded thunderstorms. A Convective SIGMET is issued when level 4 thunderstorms (very strong, not moderate) cover 40 percent (not 30 percent) of an area (answer A). Severe or greater turbulence is implied, not moderate or severe (answer B).
7-29 What information is contained in a CONVECTIVE SIGMET? A - Tornadoes, embedded thunderstorms, and hail 3/4 inch or greater in diameter. B - Severe icing, severe turbulence, or widespread dust storms lowering visibility to less than 3 miles. C - Surface winds greater than 40 knots or thunderstorms equal to or greater than video integrator processor (VIP) level 4. 7-29. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-27 (AIM) Convective SIGMETs are issued for any of the following phenomena: tornadoes, lines of thunderstorms, embedded thunderstorms, areas of level 4 thunderstorms covering 40 percent of the area, and hail of 3/4 inch or greater in diameter. Severe icing and severe turbulence (answer B) are implied but not specified in the advisory. Convective SIGMETs are not issued for surface winds over 40 knots (answer C); however, if the surface winds are 50 knots, or greater, a Convective SIGMET may be issued.
7-30 SIGMET's are issued as a warning of weather conditions hazardous to which aircraft? A - Small aircraft only. B - Large aircraft only. C - All aircraft. 7-30. Answer C. GFDPPM 7-26 (AWS) SIGMETs are issued for weather potentially hazardous to all aircraft. An AIRMET advises of weather which is of operational interest to all aircraft, but may be hazardous to aircraft with limited capabilities, such as light single-engine airplanes.
7-31 Which in-flight advisory would contain information on severe icing not associated with thunderstorms? A - Convective SIGMET. B- AIRMET. C-SIGMET. 7-31. Answer C. GFDPPM 7-26 (AWS) A SIGMET advises of weather potentially hazardous to all aircraft, which would include severe icing. A Convec-tive SIGMET is an advisory of especially hazardous thunderstorm activity. Answer (A) is incorrect because the question asks about severe icing not associated with thunderstorm activity. Answer (8) is incorrect because AIRMETs cover moderate, not severe, icing.
7-32 AIRMET's are advisories of significant weather phenomena but of lower intensities than Sigmets and are intended for dissemination to A - only IFR pilots. B - all pilots. C - only VFR pilots. 7-32. Answer B. GFDPPM 7-25 (AWS) An AIRMET advises of weather that is of operational interest to all aircraft, but may be hazardous to aircraft with limited capabilities, such as light single-engine airplanes.
7-33 · (Refer to figure 17.) What wind is forecast for STL at 9,000 feet? A - 2300 true at 32 knots. B - 2300 magnetic at 25 knots. C - 2300 true at 25 knots. 7-33. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-23 (AWS) In the Winds and Temperatures Aloft Forecast (FD), directions are relative to TRUE NORTH and rounded to the nearest 10 degrees. The wind information is given as 2332+02. The first two digits represent the wind direction in relation to true north, 230°. The next two digits are the speed, which in this case is 32 knots. The temperature is +2°C.
7-34 What values are used for Winds Aloft Forecasts? A - Magnetic direction and knots. B - Magnetic direction and miles per hour. C - True direction and knots. 7-34. Answer C. GFDPPM 7-23 (AWS) The best rule of thumb is to remember that all forecast winds are given in true direction, and speed is always in knots.
7-35 When the term "light and variable" is used in reference to a Winds Aloft Forecast, the coded group and windspeed is A - 0000 and less than 7 knots. B - 9900 and less than 5 knots. C- 9999 and less than 10 knots. 7-35. Answer B. GFDPPM 7-24 (AWS) The direction is shown as 99, which means the direction is variable. When the second two digits are listed as 00, the speed is less than 5 knots.
7-36 (Refer to figure 18 on page 7 -15.) What is the status of the front that extends from Nebraska through the upper peninsula of Michigan? A-Cold. B-Warm C - Stationary. 7-36. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-31 (AWS) This front is depicted with triangular symbols on the south side of the front. This symbology indicates a cold front. A warm front has rounded symbols on one side of the frontal line, while a stationary front has triangular symbols on one side and rounded symbols on the other.
7-37 (Refer to figure 18 on page 7 -15.) The IFR weather in northern Texas is due to A - low ceilings. B - dust devils. C - intermittent rain. 7-37. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-33 (AWS) The shaded area in northern Texas is an area of IFR weather. This shaded area indicates a ceiling of less than 1,000 feet AGL and/or visibility of less than 3 s.m. Since the visibility in northern Texas is indicated as 3 s.m. (near the double dash fog symbol), the IFR weather is caused by low ceilings.
7-38 (Refer to figure 18 on page 7-15.) Of what value is the Weather Depiction Chart to the pilot? A - For determining general weather conditions on which to base flight planning. B - For a forecast of cloud coverage, visibilities, and frontal activity. C - For determining frontal trends and air mass characteristics. 7-38. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-33 (AWS) The weather depiction chart shows a "birds eye" view of general weather conditions over a wide area, and is useful for flight planning purposes by showing areas of adverse weather. It depicts actual weather conditions, and is not a forecast (answer B). Although it does show locations of fronts, it does not indicate trends or high and low pressure areas (answer C).
7-39 (Refer to figure 18 on page 7-15.) The marginal weather in central Kentucky is due to low A - visibility. B - ceiling and visibility. C - ceiling. 7-39. Answer C. GFDPPM 7-32,33 (AWS) An area enclosed by non-shaded contour lines indicates marginal VFR weather conditions. This means the visibility is three to five miles and/or the ceiling is 1,000 to 3,000 feet. The station in central Kentucky is reporting 3,000-foot overcast, with no visibility indication (meaning 6 or more miles visibility).
7-40 (Refer to figure 18 on page 7 -15.) What weather phenomenon is causing IFR conditions in central Oklahoma? A - Low visibility only. B - Heavy rain showers. C - Low ceilings and visibility. 7-40. Answer C. GFDPPM 7-32,33 (AWS) The shaded area indicates IFR. In this case, the filled station model in central Oklahoma indicates overcast sky and the "3" below the model indicates 300 foot ceiling. The "2-1/2" to the left of the model indicates IFR visibility of 2-1/2 statute miles. The bracket to the right of the model indicates an automatic weather observation.
7-41 (Refer to figure 18 on page 7 -15.) According to the Weather Depiction Chart, the weather for a flight from southern Michigan to north Indiana is ceilings A - 1,000 to 3,000 feet and/or visibility 3 to 5 miles. B -less than 1,000 feet and/or visibility less than 3 miles. C - greater than 3,000 feet and visibility greater than 5 miles. 7-41. Answer C. GFDPPM 7-32,33 (AWS) There are no shaded or contoured areas along this route. This indicates VFR areas with a ceiling greater than 3,000 feet and a visibility greater than 5 miles.
7·42 Radar weather reports are of special interest to pilots because they indicate A -location of precipitation along with type, intensity, and cell movement of precipitation. B - location of precipitation along with type, intensity, and trend. C - large areas of low ceilings and fog. 7-42. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-33 (AWS) Radar weather reports show areas of precipitation; type, such as rain showers; intensity, such as light or heavy; and azimuth of movement. Intensity trend is no longer coded on the Radar Weather Report.
7-43 What information is provided by the Radar Summary Chart that is not shown on other weather charts? A - Lines and cells of hazardous thunderstorms. B - Ceilings and precipitation between reporting stations. C - Types of clouds between reporting stations. 7-43. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-33, 35 (AWS) Individual thunderstorm cells as well as lines of thunderstorms are depicted on radar summary charts. Since the radar returns are reflected off precipitation, not clouds, they do not show ceilings (answer B) or types of clouds (answer C).
7-44 (Refer to figure 19, area B on page 7 -17.) What is the top for precipitation of the radar return? A - 24,000 feet AGL. B - 2,400 feet MSL. C - 24,000 feet MSL. 7-44. Answer C. GFDPPM 7-34 (AWS) 240 indicates the highest precipitation top in the area in hundreds of feet above mean sea level, which in this case is 24,000 feet MSL.
7-45 Reserved 7-45. Reserved
7-46 (Refer to figure 19, area D on page 7-17.) What is the direction and speed of movement of the cell? A - North at 17 knots. B - South at 17 knots. C - North at 17 MPH. 7-46. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-34 (AWS) Cell movement is indicated by an arrow pointing north and a number (17) indicating speed in knots.
7-47 (Refer to figure 19, area E on page 7-17.) The top of the precipitation of the cell is A - 16,000 feet MSL. B - 25,000 feet MSL. C - 16,000 feet AGL. 7-47. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-34 (AWS) 160 indicates the highest precipitation top in the area in 'hundreds of feet above mean sea level, which in this case is 16,000 feet MSL.
7-48 What does the heavy dashed line that forms a large rectangular box on a radar summary chart refer to? A - Severe weather watch area. B - Areas of hail 1/4 inch in diameter. C - Areas of heavy rain. 7-48. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-34 (AWS) Severe weather watch areas are outlined by heavy dashed lines, usually in the form of a large rectangular box. The watch number, if any, is also printed at the bottom of the chart together with the issuance time and expiration time.
7-49 (Refer to figure 20 on page 7 -19.) How are Significant Weather Prognostic Charts best used by a pilot? A - For overall planning at all altitudes. B - For determining areas to avoid (freezing levels and turbulence). C - For analyzing current frontal activity and cloud coverage. 7-49. Answer B. GFDPPM 7-37 (AWS) In addition to outlining areas of instrument flight rule (IFR) and marginal visual flight rule (MVFR) weather, these charts include freezing levels and areas of turbulence. Since the significant weather panels are valid from the surface up to 24,000 feet, they are intended for planning flights below this altitude, not all altitudes (answer A). These charts do not depict current frontal activity (answer C) because they are forecasts, not observations. The lower two panels are 12- and 24-hour " surface progs and the upper two panels are 12- and 24-hour progs for the surface up to 400 millibars, or approximately 24,000 feet.
7-50 (Refer to figure 20 on page 7-19.) Interpret the weather symbol depicted in Utah on the 12-hour Significant Weather Prognostic Chart. A -Moderate turbulence, surface to 18,000 feet. B - Base of clear air turbulence, 18,000 feet. C - Thunderstorm tops at 18,000 feet. 7-50. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-38,39 (AWS) On the upper left panel, the symbol indicates moderate turbulence. The notation 240/ means the turbulence is from the surface up to 24,000 feet.
7-51 (Refer to figure 20 on page 7 -19.) What weather is forecast for the Florida area just ahead of the stationary front during the first 12 hours? A - Ceiling 1,000 to 3,000 feet and/or visibility 3 to 5 miles with intermittent precipitation. B - Ceiling 1,000 to 3,000 feet and/or visibility 3 to 5 miles with continuous precipitation. C - Ceiling less than 1,000 feet and/or visibility less than 3 miles with continuous precipitation. 7-51. Answer B. GFDPPM 7-37,38 (AWS) The upper left panel indicates a ceiling 1,000-3,000 feet and/or a visibility of 3-5 miles. This is marginal VFR (MVFR). The dot symbols in the lower left panel indicates continuous rain. 7·52 (Refer to figure 20 on page 7 -19.) The enclosed shaded area associated with the low pressure system over northern Utah is forecast to have A - continuous snow. B - intermittent snow. C - continuous snow showers. 7-52. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-37,38 (AWS) The area is shaded, indicating continuous precipitation. Two snow symbols also indicate continuous snow (not snow showers).
7-53 (Refer to figure 20 on page 7 -19.) At what altitude is the freezing level over the middle of Florida on the 12hour Significant Weather Prognostic Chart? A - 4,000 feet. B - 12,000 feet. C - 8,000 feet. 7-53. Answer B. GFDPPM 7-37,38 (AWS) The upper right panel contains a dashed line marked with the number 120, which crosses central Florida. This represents the location of the 12,000-foot freezing level.
7-54 Individual forecasts for specific routes of flight can be obtained from which weather source? A - Transcribed Weather Broadcasts (TWEB's). B - Terminal Forecasts. C - Area Forecasts. 7-54. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-49 (AWS) The information in a transcribed weather broadcast (TWEB) varies, but generally it contains route-oriented data. Terminal and area forecasts (answers B and C) contain terminal forecasts and forecasts for large geographical areas respectively, not route-oriented information.
7-55 Transcribed Weather Broadcasts (TWEB's) may be monitored by tuning the appropriate radio receiver to certain A - airport advisory frequencies. B - VOR and NDB frequencies. C - ATIS frequencies. 7-55. Answer B. GFDPPM 7-49 (AWS) TWEB's are broadcast over certain VOR and NOB frequencies. Airport advisory frequencies (answer A) are used by an FSS at uncontrolled airports to provide general airport information to pilots. Automatic terminal information service (ATIS) frequencies (answer C) are used to broadcast recorded airport information. 7-56 When telephoning a weather briefing facility for preflight weather information, pilots should state A - the aircraft identification or the pilot's name. B - true airspeed. C - fuel on board. 7-56. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-44 (AWS) Pilots should give their name or the aircraft number, as well as other specific information, to the weather briefer. True airspeed (answer B) or fuel on board (answer C) are not required. These are items that are included on a flight plan.
7-57 To get a complete weather briefing for the planned flight, the pilot should request A - a general briefing. B - an abbreviated briefing. C - a standard briefing. 7-57. Answer C. GFDPPM 7-45 (AIM) A standard briefing is the most compete type of weather briefing. Since the three types of briefings are standard, abbreviated, and outlook, the term "general briefing" (answer A) is not used. An abbreviated briefing (answer B) may be obtained when the pilot has used other sources of weather data for a preliminary briefing, and needs to update that information.
7-58 Which type weather briefing should a pilot request, when departing within the hour, if no preliminary weather information has been received? A - Outlook briefing. B - Abbreviated briefing. C - Standard briefing. 7-58. Answer C. GFDPPM 7-45 (AIM) See explanation for Question 7-57. An outlook briefing (answer A) is used for long-range planning, six or more hours ahead of time. Answer (B), the abbreviated briefing, is intended primarily for updating previous briefing information.
7-59 Which type of weather briefing should a pilot request to supplement mass disseminated data? A - An outlook briefing. B - A supplemental briefing. C - An abbreviated briefing. 7-59. Answer C. GFDPPM 7-46 (AIM) See explanation for Questions 7-57 and 7-58. The term "supplemental briefing" (answer B) is not used.
7-60 To update a previous weather briefing, a pilot should request A - an abbreviated briefing. B - a standard briefing. C - an outlook briefing. 7-60. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-46 (AIM) See explanation for Questions 7-57 and 7-58.
7-61 A weather briefing that is provided when the information requested is 6 or more hours in advance of the proposed departure time is A - an outlook briefing. B - a forecast briefing. C - a prognostic briefing. 7-61. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-46 (AIM) See explanation for Question 7-58. The terms "forecast briefing" (answer B) and "prognostic briefing" (answer C) are not official names for weather briefings provided by an FSS on the National Weather Service.
7-62 When requesting weather information for the following morning, a pilot should request A - an outlook briefing. B - a standard briefing. C - an abbreviated briefing. 7-62. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-46 (AIM) Assuming this would be 6 or more hours away, the pilot would request an outlook briefing (see explanation for Questions 7-57 and 7-58).
7-63 To obtain a continuous transcribed weather briefing, including winds aloft and route forecasts for a cross-country flight, a pilot should monitor a A - VHF radio receiver tuned to an Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) frequency. B - Transcribed Weather Broadcast (TWEB) on an NDB or a VOR facility. C - regularly scheduled weather broadcast on a VOR frequency. 7-63. Answer B. GFDPPM 7-49 (AIM) Transcribed Weather Broadcasts, or TWEBs, can be monitored on many NDB and/or VOR stations. ATIS broadcasts are local airport information only. Scheduled VOR weather broadcasts may also be local only. The answers to this question can be somewhat misleading, since a TWEB can be broadcast over either an NDB (ADF) or a VOR. However, some VORs broadcast only local information and do not include route forecasts. In general, most TWEBs include route information, so answer (B) appears to be the most correct choice.
7-64 What should pilots state initially when telephoning a weather briefing facility for preflight weather information? A - Tell the number of occupants on board. B - State their total flight time. C - Identify themselves as pilots. 7-64. Answer C. GFDPPM 7-44 (AWS) You should identify yourself as a pilot or student pilot and include concise facts about your flight. 1. Type of flight VFR or IFR 2. Aircraft identification or pilot's name 3. Aircraft type 4. Departure point 5. Route of flight 6. Destination 7. Altitude 8. Estimated time of departure 9. Estimated time enroute or estimated time of arrival. Briefers do not need to know how many hours the pilot has flown. They also do not need to know the number of occupants on board the aircraft; this information will be on the flight plan.
7-65 (Reserved) 7-65. (Reserved)
7-66 When telephoning a weather briefing facility for preflight weather information, pilots should state A - the full name and address of the formation commander. B - that they possess a current pilot certificate. C - whether they intend to fly VFR only. 7-66. Answer C. GFDPPM 7-44 (AWS) It is important that the briefer knows whether a pilot intends to fly VFR or IFR, so that the information can help the pilot make a go/no-go decision. The pilot's full name and address (answer A) are not necessary for the briefer (whether a formation or single airplane). Since a pilot should not be flying without a current pilot certificate (answer B), there is no need to state the obvious.
7-67 How should contact be established with an En Route Flight Advisory Service (EFAS) station, and what service would be expected? A - Call EFAS on 122.2 for routine weather, current reports on hazardous weather, and altimeter settings. B - Call flight assistance on 122.5 for advisory service pertaining to severe weather. C - Call Flight Watch on 122.0 for information regarding actual weather and thunderstorm activity along proposed route. 7-67. Answer C. GFDPPM 7-48 (AWS) Below FL 180, EFAS is contacted on 122.0. Actual weather and thunderstorm activity along the pilot's route is provided. The frequency is not 122.2 (answer A) or 122.5 (answer B).
7-68 What service should a pilot normally expect from an En Route Flight Advisory Service (EFAS) station? A - Actual weather information and thunderstorm activity along the route. B - Preferential routing and radar vectoring to circumnavigate severe weather. C - Severe weather information, changes to flight plans, and receipt of routine position reports. 7-68. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-47,48 (AWS) See explanation for Question 7-67. EFAS provides weather information only, not routing or radar vectoring (answer B). It is not intended for updates to flight plans, or position reports (answer C).
7-69 Below FL180, en route weather advisories should be obtained from an FSS on A - 122.0 MHz. B - 122.1 MHz. C - 123.6 MHz. 7-69. Answer A. GFDPPM 7-48 (AIM) See explanation for Question 7-67.
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